Hydrocarbon-vaporizer for internal-combustion engines.



v UNITED STATES J'AMES WILLIAM MOWIBRAY, OF GLEICHEN, ALBERTA, CANADA, ASSIG-NOR, BY DIRECT AND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE FORT WILLIAM, CANADA.

PATENT OFFICE.

HYDRO-CARBON VAPORIZER LIMITED, OF

HYDROCARIBON-VAPORIZER FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

' Application filed July 3,

To all whom it may concern: 1

Be it known that I, JAMES WILLIAM Mow- BRAY', of the town of Gleichen, Province of vention is toprovide a device of the class set forth which will automatically provide the necessary even explosive mixture from the hydro-carbons before mentioned, independent of all atmospheric conditions and at all motor speeds, never requiring a change in adjustment, and thereby render internal-combustion-engines as reliable as the ordinary steam-engines.

A still further object of my invention is to design my' device so that it will be very simple in construction, thus resulting in durability,efiiciency and economy.

Another object of my invention is to design my device so that the supply'of explosive mixture will be automatically shut off at all necessary periods.

A still further object of my -invention is toutilize the outer peripheryof the atomizing disk or valve head that automatically controls the supply of explosive mixture into the motor cylinder, to complete the final step in the mechanical atomizing of the raw fuel. And, broadly speaking, my device consists of a heating-chamber communicating with the cylinder of the motor; a conicalshaped opening or combining tube leading into said heating chamber and provided in its inner flared end with a valve-seat; a spring-controlled valve co-acting with said seat to control the supply of explosive. mixture into said heating chamber according to 'the requirements of the motor; a spray-nozzle extending into said conical-shaped opening; a needle-valve for regulating the sup ly of raw fuel into said spray-nozzle, means being provided to allow for the passage of air automatically into said heating cham- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 26, 1912.

1911. Serial No. 636,696.

her through said conical-shaped opening, and a throttle-valve, ashereinafter particularly explained.

Figure 1 is a vertical central section through my device, and through portion of a motor cylinder to which the same is. attached, and also through a suitable fuel reservoir communicating with the device. Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section on the line ab, Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a detail of the throttle va ve.

en ce indicate corresponding parts in each figure.

By reason of the constant-1y increasing cost of gasolene, it is advisable to provide a carbureter which will enable the explosive mixture to be manufactured readily from such hydrocarbons as kerosene oil and distlllate; not only does the expense of gasolene render this advisable, but it is further advisable from the fact that more power can be got from a given quantity of kerosene-oil or distillate than can be got from the same amount of gasolene.

In forming the explosive mixture in'my device, I first mechanically atomize the fuel oil and during this step simultaneously mix the air therewith, and then complete the vaporization through the effect of intense heat, within the heating chamber. As the mechanically atomized fuel is drawn with the air into the heating chamber, a certain amount of vaporized water is drawn into said chamber where it commingles with the said explosive mixture. The supply of fuel oil and air must be effected positively and automatically and in proportion to the load and speed of the engine. The quantity of water will vary with the load, and therefore it will be understood that the conduit supplying water to the heating-chamber in my vaporizer or carbureter will be proportioned to the size of the device, which itself will be proportioned to the horsepower of the motor with which it is to be used.

It is to be noted that in connection with my device, the air and oil mixture is always uniform and cannot be altered by the spring tension on the controlling valve as is the case in connection with various makes of carburetors or Vaporizers.

My "aporizer or carbureter comprises a In the drawings, like characters of referheating-chamber A and conduit B opening thereinto. The heating-chamber is composed of an inner wall C and the outer wall D spaced apart therefrom so as to form a chamber E to receive the heating element which is preferably the waste products of combustion from the motor. Integrally formed with the heating-chamber A is a flange F internally threaded which receives as follows: J is the conduit composed of two walls to provide the usual water-jacket and this conduit communicates with the motor cylinder K. The intake end of the conduit J is provided with a flange-plate L and the plate I is secured thereto by the nuts and bolts indicated by the common letter of reference M. Screwing into one side of the heatingchamber A is the combining-tube N, the inner end of which is provided witha valve seat 0. The outer end of said combiningtube is smaller in area than the inner end thereof, and the diameter of the bore of said tube uniformly increases toward said valveseat.

2 are a plurality of bars spaced apart which are integrally formed with the internally-threaded collar 3 screwing around the spray-nozzle 4. The inner ends 5 of the bars 2 are threaded and engage with the threaded shoulder 6 of the combining tube N.

7 is a valve-stem held in the heatingchamber A, and this valve-stem is provided with a threaded portion 8 which engage with the internal threaded boss 9 integrally formed with the heating-chamber A.

10 is the head of said valve-stem 7, and threaded on the threaded portion 8 is a washer 11. When said valve :stem 7 ispositioned, the washer 11. will lock the same in place. Sliding on the inner end 12 of the valve stem 7, which is preferably of lesser diameter than the rest of the valve-stem, is a sleeve 13 with which is integrally formed a disk 14 to which is secured, by any suitable means such as the screws 15 shown in dotted position, the valve-head 16 which normally seats against the seat 0.

17 is a spring one end of -which rests against the shoulder 18 of the valve-stem 7, and the other end against the 'disk 14, and

this-spring normally keeps the valve-head 16 against its seat.

V 19 is any suitable fuel reservoir which is carried by the casting 20 shown as formed integrally with the spray-nozzle 1.

21 is a passageway whereby the raw fuel is conveyed from the reservoir 19 to the passageway 22 formed in the spray-nozzle 4.

23 is a plug screwing into a threaded por-' tion of the casting 20, or ,otherwise secured therein, and positioned between the reservoir 19 and the intake end of the passageway 22, and preferably at the point where said passageway opens into the passageway 21. This plug is provided with a passageway 24 and the flow of raw fuel through this passageway is controlled by the needlevalve 25 screwing through the cap 26 screwing into the upper end 50 of the casting 20.

27 is an overflow for the reservoir 19, and from the dotted line in Fig. 1 it will be seen that the fuel can only be passed into the reservoir 19 to the level of said dotted line, in order to prevent the flooding of the passageway 22.

The spray-nozzle 4 extends into the smaller end of the combining tube N. Now, it is a well known fact that a greater quantity of fluid can pass through a conicalshaped passageway than can pass through a passageway having a uniform diameter. Now I take advantage of this fact in designing my device.

By the outward movement'of the piston a', a so-called vacuum is formed in the upper end of the cylinder K, and as the conduits J and B, and heating-chamber A, communicate with said cylinder, it naturally follows that the pressure within the said parts will be lower than that of the atmosphere, and therefore the valve-head 16 will be moved inward from its seat 0 and move the valvehead 28 from off its valve seat 29 formed in the inner end of the spray-nozzle, 'thus opening the passageway 22. Simultaneous with the movements just described, a volume of air rushes between the bars 2 and into the combining tube N, and the necessary quantity of raw fuel is drawn out of the passageway 22 by the inrushing air. The valve-head 28 of the needle-valve 30 is conical-shaped, and the raw liquid fuel in its flight impinges against this valve-head and is split up and is thus easily carried by the onrushing current of air against the whole peripheryof the seating edge of the valvehead 16, which I may call an atomizing disk, and valve-seat O, and is consequently introduced into the heat-ing-chamberA around the whole periphery of the said valve-head or atomizing-disk. The needle-valve 25 of course has been adjusted so as to allow the passage of liquid fuel through the plug 23 the proper amount which will depend upon the horse-power of the motor in connection with which the carbureter or vaporizer hasbeen designed to be used. The temperature of the heating-chamber will be made high enough so as to complete the vaporization of the mixed air and gases, and before the piston-head (1 reaches the limit of its outmovement, the necessary charge Will have been drawn into the cylinder K. When this I charge of explosive mixture is passed into the cylinder, the spring 17 will of course force the valve-head 16 on atomizing disk wall D of the heating-chamber A, and this conduit conveys the waste products of combustion into the chamber E. 'These waste products of combustion circulate through this chamber into the annular passageway 322 formed between the sleeve H and conduit B, and escape thereout-of through the exhaust ports 33. Supported in the conduit 31 is a water pipe 34 which screws through the wall C and opens into the heating-chamber A. Water is fed from any suitable source to the water pipe 34. The flow of fuel-oil, air, and water, into the engine cylinder is in accordance with the load or demand on the engine at all times.

The inner end 12 of the valve stem 7 is chambered as shown at 35, and into this chamber extends the stem of the needlevalve 30.

37 is a yoke secured by the screws 38 to the disk 39 which in turn is suitably secured to the valve head 16. The disk 39 is pierced so that the inner end 12 of the valve-stem 7 may extend therethrough.

40 is a nut lock through which the stem of the needle-valve 30 screws. This stem also screws through the yoke 37 and when the needle valve is adjusted, the nut-lock 40 is screwed against the said yoke and so locks the needle-valve in place.

I I find from experiment that I can dispense with the needle-valve 30 and getfairly good results, and although I prefer to use it, I do not necessarily confine myself to, the use of the same.

Placed in any convenient position, preferably in the position shown, is a throttlevalve 41, which is mounted on the valvestem 42 having bearing in the upper portion of the heating-chamber A. 43 is the handle of the throttle valve. Without further explanantion it will be readily understood that the speed of the engine will be regulated by the throttle-valve, or the engine stopped. r

In order to provide an outlet from the heating-chamber D or its connected parts in case of back firing, 'I use a valve 44 which normally closes a port 45- preferably in the side of the heating-chamber A communicating'with the interior thereof. This valve 44 is normally kept seated by the leafspring 46 through which extends the stem 47 of the said valve. 48 are any suitable screws or other fastening means whereby the leaf-spring 46 is secured to the heating- \chamber A.

From the foregoing specification it is clear to one skilled in this art that the required amount of explosive mixture isautomatically fed to the motor cylinder in accordance with the load or demand of the motor, and that a uniform and even mixture of air and oil will be positive at all times.

The air is introduced into the combinin tube N around the whole of the outer end thereof, and consequently the inner end of the spray-nozzle 4 is enveloped in the on rushing current of air and the necessary amount of raw liquid fuel will be sucked therefrom. Of course in practice the forms or shapes of the various parts comprising my carbureter or -vaporizer, will be such as to insure the greatest efficiency.

By one skilled in this art it will be understood that the tension of the spring 17 must be so regulated that as the speed of the motor increases, an increasing supply of air and atomized fuel passing into the heatingchamber A will be automatically provided. Conversely, as the speed of the motor decreases, the supply of explosive mixture therefor will be automatically decreased in accordance with the speed.

I preferably make the valve-head or atomizing-disk 16 of leather or equivalent material, as this not only reduces weight, but also reduces cost. It is of course apparent to one skilled in this art that the valve between the combining tube N and the heat-- ing-chambcr A must be constructed so as to be sensitive to any appreciable difference in pressure between the interior of said heating-chamber and the atmosphere.

Uponreferring to Fig. .1 it will be noted that the longitudinal axis of the spray-nozzle 4 is in alinement with the longitudinal axes of the combining-tube N and the valvehead or atomizing disk 16. So positioning these parts insures a uniform current of air around the inner end of the spray-nozzle, and the consequent uniform distribution of the mixed air and oil around the valve seat O and the seatof the said valvefhead 16, It therefore follows that the mechanicallyatomized oil carried the air is introduced into the heating-chamber through an annular passageway or entrance which insures its wide distribution therein, and not passed thereinto in the form of a jet.

WVhat I claim as my invention is:

1. A hydro-carbon vaporizer comprising a chamber provided with an outlet, and further provided with an' intake opening; a combining-tube held in said intake opening; means for securing said combining-tube in place; the said combining-tube being provided with a conical-shaped passage-way increasing in area from its intake end to its discharge end, and being provided at its discharge end with an outwardly-beveled valve-seat; a spring-controlled valvemounted within said chamber and constructed to co-act with said beveled valve-seatof said combining-tube; an apertured supportingmember surrounding the outer portion of said combining-tube; means for supporting said supporting-member on said chamber; a spray-nozzle tapered toward its discharge end, supported by said supporting-chamber. in front of said combining-tube and with its tapered end extending a suitable distance into the intake end of said combining-tube, the said valve being moved from its seat when the pressure within said chamber is below that of the atmosphere, simultaneously with the inrush and expansion of a current of petrol-charged air through said combining-tube and into said chamber through theoutward-flared passage-way formed between.said valy e and its seat, and a valve controlling the passing of petrol into said spraynozzle.

2. A hydro-carbon vaporizer of the class described comprising a heating-chamber having two walls spaced apart so as to form a jacket in which is passed, through an opening,the heating medium; a conduit carried by said heating-chamber and communi eating therewith; a port-provided sleeve carried by said heating-chamber and surrounding said conduit and communicating with said jacket; a combining-tube communicating with said heating-chamber; means for securing said combining-tube in place; the saidcombining-tube being provided wlth a cynical-shaped passage-way increasing in rea from its intake end to its discharge end, and being provided at its discharge end with a an outwardly-beveled valve-seat; a springcontrolled valve mounted within said chamtoward its discharge end, supported by said supporting-memberin front of said combining-tube and with its tapered end extendin a suitable distance into the intake end 0 said combining-tube, the said valve being moved from its seat when the pressure within said chamber is below that of the atmosphere, simultaneously with the inrush and expansion of a current of petrol-charged air through said combining-tube and into said chamber through the outwardly-flared pas sage-way formed between said valve and its seat, and a valve controlling thepassage of petrol into said spray-nozzle.

i 3. A hydro-carbon vaporizer of the class described, comprising a heating-chamber provided with an intake, and an outlet, opening, and having two walls spaced apart so as to form a jacket into which is passed through an opening, the'heating medium; a

conduit carried by said heating-chamber and communicating therewith by said outlet opening; a port-provided sleeve carried by said heating-chamber and surrounding said conduit and communicating with said jacket; a conduit for introducing water into said heating-chamber; a combining-tube screwing into said intake opening in said heating-chamber and provided with a conical-shaped passage-way getting larger in area from its intake to its discharge end and being provided at its dischargeend with an outwardly-beveled valve-seat; a spring-controlled valve mounted within said heatingchamber and seating against said valveseat; an apertured supporting-member threaded at its inner end and screwing around part of the inner.portion of said combining-tube; a spray-nozzle tapered toward its discharge end screwing into the outer end of said supporting-member, and mounted in front of said combining-tube with its discharge end extending a suitable distance thereinto; the said valve being moved from its seat when the pressure within said chamber is below that of the atmosphere, simultaneously with said valve and its seat, and a valve control ling the passage of petrol into said spraynozzle. I

4:. A hydro-carbon vaporizer of theclass described comprising a heating chamber; a conduit connected therewith; means whereby said chamber and said conduit are heated; a combining tube provided with a conicalshaped passageway carried by said heatmgchamber and communicating therewith and opening to the atmosphere; a spray-nozzle positioned with its inner end eitending a suitable distance through the smaller end of said combining tube; means carried by said combining-tube for supporting said spraynozzle in position; a valve stem mounted within said heating-chamber and provided with a chamber in its'inner end; a valve mounted to slide on said valve-stem; a spring carried by said valve-stem and normally holding said valve against the inner end of said combinin tube; a valve stem carried by said valve a'n extending into the chamber formed in said first-mentioned valve-stem; a conical-shaped head carried by said secondmentioned valve-stem and normally seating .against the discharge end of said spraynozzle; a needle valve for controlling the passage of fuel into said spray-nozzle, and a conduit whereby water is introduced into said heating-chamber, the whole bein arranged as and for the purpose specifie In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature inpresence. of two witnesses.

' JAMES WILLIAM MOWBRAY.

Witnesses:

R..HALL, S. O, I. 'Tmcnnn. 

